On September 27, 2019, the Kentucky Court of Appeals (Commonwealth v. Garrett 2019 WL 4724827) cited Professor Joelle Moreno’s article, Flagrant Police Abuse: Why Black Lives (Also) Matter to the Fourth Amendment, 21 Berkeley J. Crim. L. 36, 51 (2016)
to help delineate flagrant police misconduct from intentional conduct noting that “when flagrancy is defined as a hidden mental state it becomes unknowable.”