The first National Vaccine Law Conference has been called to address the urgent need for an increased understanding of the interrelated operations of different aspects of vaccine, vaccination, and immunization law. The nation now faces a steady drumbeat of anti-vaccine messaging, well-stocked with misinformation and misinterpretation of data, contributing to declining rate of vaccination for childhood diseases such as measles, polio, and tetanus, and growing state-level legislative efforts to weaken and repeal mandates for these vaccines.